PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

Abstract.- Oliveira E.C., Pescador C.A., Sonne L., Pavarini S.P., Santos A.S., Corbellini L.G. & Driemeier D. 2009. [Immunohistochemical analysis of dogs infected naturally by canine parvovirus.] Análise imuno-histoquímica de cães naturalmente infectados pelo parvovírus canino. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(2):131-136. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br Ninety-six dogs with gross lesions suggestive of canine parvovirus infection were selected and necropsied in the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, between March 2005 and November 2006. The main gross lesions were enlargement of the Peyer’s patches in the small intestine and hyperemia in the intestinal mucosa and serosa. Microscopically, the small intestine showed necrotizing enteritis in 77% (74/96) of the dogs examined. However, in 17.7% of the histological evaluation in the small intestine were damaged due to autolytic changes making it difficult to obtain an appropriate interpretation. The immunohistochemistry test was performed in tissues of small intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, tonsils, tongue, and bone marrow in all the 96 selected cases. Parvovirus antigen was detected in 91.6% (88/96) of the dogs necropsied. The best result of the IHC test was seen in samples of small intestine which was positive in 77% (74/96) of the cases. The statistical analysis (Fisher test) showed a weak association between intestinal autolysis and positive result of the IHC test. The chance of the autolysed intestine showing a positive result in the immunohistochemistry test was 0.33 less (OR=0.33, 95% CI:0.10-1.17) when compared with small intestine not autolysed.

• Canine parvovirus dogs immunohistochemistry small intestine lymphoid tissue

Abstract in Portuguese:

Abstract.- Oliveira E.C., Pescador C.A., Sonne L., Pavarini S.P., Santos A.S., Corbellini L.G. & Driemeier D. 2009. [Immunohistochemical analysis of dogs infected naturally by canine parvovirus.] Análise imuno-histoquímica de cães naturalmente infectados pelo parvovírus canino. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(2):131-136. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br Ninety-six dogs with gross lesions suggestive of canine parvovirus infection were selected and necropsied in the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, between March 2005 and November 2006. The main gross lesions were enlargement of the Peyer’s patches in the small intestine and hyperemia in the intestinal mucosa and serosa. Microscopically, the small intestine showed necrotizing enteritis in 77% (74/96) of the dogs examined. However, in 17.7% of the histological evaluation in the small intestine were damaged due to autolytic changes making it difficult to obtain an appropriate interpretation. The immunohistochemistry test was performed in tissues of small intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, tonsils, tongue, and bone marrow in all the 96 selected cases. Parvovirus antigen was detected in 91.6% (88/96) of the dogs necropsied. The best result of the IHC test was seen in samples of small intestine which was positive in 77% (74/96) of the cases. The statistical analysis (Fisher test) showed a weak association between intestinal autolysis and positive result of the IHC test. The chance of the autolysed intestine showing a positive result in the immunohistochemistry test was 0.33 less (OR=0.33, 95% CI:0.10-1.17) when compared with small intestine not autolysed.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Iamaguti L.S., Brandão C.V.S., Pellizzon C.H., Ranzani J.J.T. & Minto B.W. 2008. [Histological and morphometric analysis for the use of a biosynthetic cellulose membrane in experimental trochleopasty.] Análises histológica e morfométrica do uso de membrana biossintética de celulose em trocleoplastia experimental de cães. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(4):195-200. Departamento de Cirurgia e Anestesiologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu, Distrito de Rubião Jr s/n, Botucatu, SP 18.618-000, Brazil. E-mail: iamaguti_lu@hotmail.com The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a locally made biosynthetic cellulose membrane after experimental trochleoplasty, in order to verify whether its use could support migration of chondrogenic cells. Twelve male and female adult healthy dogs and without claudication were used. All dogs were submitted to trochleoplasty in both pelvic limbs after sedation and epidural anesthesia. In the left hind limb, the biosynthetic cellulose membrane was fixed with simple suture using Polyglactin 910 6-0 after performing trochleoplasty (treated group); whereas in the right limb (control group) only trochleoplasty was performed. The dogs were subdivided into 4 subgroups for postoperative evaluation at 15, 30, 60 and 90 days post-surgery. Biopsy was performed after exploratory arthrotomy for histopathologic and morfometric evaluation. At 30 and 60 days post-surgery, more condrocyte-like cells of immature aspect were observed in lesions treated with the cellulose membrane. At 90 days post-surgery the reparative tissue was characterized as mature fibrocartilage-like tissue without difference between the groups. In the control group there was a progressive increase of the number of cells until the end of the evaluation period. Otherwise, when compared to the initial period (15 days), there was an increase in the number of cells until 60 days, followed by a return the initial values at 90 days in the treated group. In comparison to controls, the number of cells was greater in the treated group from 15 to 60 days. Initially, the neoformed repair tissue was thicker in the treated group. From the results of this study, it was concluded that the cellulose membrane shortened the initial tissue repair process in the trochleoplasty area, showing good integration of the neoformed tissue with the adjacent cartilage.

• Sulcoplasty physical barrier guided tissue regeneration dog

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Iamaguti L.S., Brandão C.V.S., Pellizzon C.H., Ranzani J.J.T. & Minto B.W. 2008. [Histological and morphometric analysis for the use of a biosynthetic cellulose membrane in experimental trochleopasty.] Análises histológica e morfométrica do uso de membrana biossintética de celulose em trocleoplastia experimental de cães. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(4):195-200. Departamento de Cirurgia e Anestesiologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu, Distrito de Rubião Jr s/n, Botucatu, SP 18.618-000, Brazil. E-mail: iamaguti_lu@hotmail.com The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a locally made biosynthetic cellulose membrane after experimental trochleoplasty, in order to verify whether its use could support migration of chondrogenic cells. Twelve male and female adult healthy dogs and without claudication were used. All dogs were submitted to trochleoplasty in both pelvic limbs after sedation and epidural anesthesia. In the left hind limb, the biosynthetic cellulose membrane was fixed with simple suture using Polyglactin 910 6-0 after performing trochleoplasty (treated group); whereas in the right limb (control group) only trochleoplasty was performed. The dogs were subdivided into 4 subgroups for postoperative evaluation at 15, 30, 60 and 90 days post-surgery. Biopsy was performed after exploratory arthrotomy for histopathologic and morfometric evaluation. At 30 and 60 days post-surgery, more condrocyte-like cells of immature aspect were observed in lesions treated with the cellulose membrane. At 90 days post-surgery the reparative tissue was characterized as mature fibrocartilage-like tissue without difference between the groups. In the control group there was a progressive increase of the number of cells until the end of the evaluation period. Otherwise, when compared to the initial period (15 days), there was an increase in the number of cells until 60 days, followed by a return the initial values at 90 days in the treated group. In comparison to controls, the number of cells was greater in the treated group from 15 to 60 days. Initially, the neoformed repair tissue was thicker in the treated group. From the results of this study, it was concluded that the cellulose membrane shortened the initial tissue repair process in the trochleoplasty area, showing good integration of the neoformed tissue with the adjacent cartilage.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Moura C.E.B., Albuquerque J.F.G., Magalhães M.S., Silva N.B., Oliveira M.F. & Papa P.C. 2007. [Comparative analysis of the origin of the brachial plexus of the collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu).] Análise comparativa da origem do plexo braquial de catetos (Tayassu tajacu). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(9):357-362. Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Cx. Postal 1524, Campus Universitário Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil. E-mail: cadumoura@ufrnet.br Collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) belongs to the Tayassuidae family, characterized by a “collar” of white hairs that cross behind the neck and extend bilaterally in front of the shoulders. It can be found from south-western United States to Argentina. In the literature a shortage of data is verified regarding the functional anatomy of the collared peccaries, especially of studies that involve the anatomy of the brachial plexus. To elucidate the behavior of this plexus of collared peccaries and with the purpose to contribute for the development of compared anatomy, this study was accomplished. Thirty animals of different ages were used (17 males and 13 females) coming from the Wild Animal Multiplication Center of the “Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-árido” Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. After slaughter bilateral dissection of the brachial plexuses took place, and the results were registered in schematic drawings and the dispositions grouped in tables for subsequent statistical analysis based on the percentile frequency. It was found that the Plexus brachialis of collared peccaries is the result of established communications, mainly among the Rami ventrales of the last three cervical nerves and of the first two thoracic nerves, having a contribution of the fourth and fifth cervical nerves in 16.67% and 50.00% of the cases, respectively. In 40.00% of the dissections the most frequent plexus was of the type C6, C7, C8, T1 and T2. The main nerves derived from brachial plexus of the collared peccaries and its respective origins had been: Nervus suprascapularis (C6, C7), Nn. subscapulares (C5, C6 e C7 or C6 e C7), N. axillaris (C6, C7), N. musculocutaneus (C7, C8), N. medianus (C7, C8, T1, T2), N. radialis (C8, T1, T2), N. ulnaris (C8, T1, T2), cranialis (C7), and caudalis (C7, C8) Nn. pectorales, N. thoracodorsalis (C6, C7, C8), N. thoracicus longus (C7, C8), and N. thoracicus lateralis (C8, T1, T2).

• Brachial plexus neuroanatomy wild animals

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Moura C.E.B., Albuquerque J.F.G., Magalhães M.S., Silva N.B., Oliveira M.F. & Papa P.C. 2007. [Comparative analysis of the origin of the brachial plexus of the collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu).] Análise comparativa da origem do plexo braquial de catetos (Tayassu tajacu). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(9):357-362. Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Cx. Postal 1524, Campus Universitário Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil. E-mail: cadumoura@ufrnet.br Collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) belongs to the Tayassuidae family, characterized by a “collar” of white hairs that cross behind the neck and extend bilaterally in front of the shoulders. It can be found from south-western United States to Argentina. In the literature a shortage of data is verified regarding the functional anatomy of the collared peccaries, especially of studies that involve the anatomy of the brachial plexus. To elucidate the behavior of this plexus of collared peccaries and with the purpose to contribute for the development of compared anatomy, this study was accomplished. Thirty animals of different ages were used (17 males and 13 females) coming from the Wild Animal Multiplication Center of the “Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-árido” Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. After slaughter bilateral dissection of the brachial plexuses took place, and the results were registered in schematic drawings and the dispositions grouped in tables for subsequent statistical analysis based on the percentile frequency. It was found that the Plexus brachialis of collared peccaries is the result of established communications, mainly among the Rami ventrales of the last three cervical nerves and of the first two thoracic nerves, having a contribution of the fourth and fifth cervical nerves in 16.67% and 50.00% of the cases, respectively. In 40.00% of the dissections the most frequent plexus was of the type C6, C7, C8, T1 and T2. The main nerves derived from brachial plexus of the collared peccaries and its respective origins had been: Nervus suprascapularis (C6, C7), Nn. subscapulares (C5, C6 e C7 or C6 e C7), N. axillaris (C6, C7), N. musculocutaneus (C7, C8), N. medianus (C7, C8, T1, T2), N. radialis (C8, T1, T2), N. ulnaris (C8, T1, T2), cranialis (C7), and caudalis (C7, C8) Nn. pectorales, N. thoracodorsalis (C6, C7, C8), N. thoracicus longus (C7, C8), and N. thoracicus lateralis (C8, T1, T2).

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Claus M.P., Vivian D., Lunardi M., Alfieri A.F. & Alfieri A.A. 2007. [Phylogenetic analysis of bovine papillomavirus associated with skin warts in cattle herds from the state of Paraná.] Análise filogenética do papilomavírus bovino associado a lesões cutâneas em rebanhos do Estado do Paraná. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(7):314-318. Laboratório de Virologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Cx. Postal 6001, Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil. E-mail: alfieri@uel.br Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) infection causes hyperplastic lesions in the cutaneous epithelium of cattle. Six types of BPV were classified in two sub-groups, being correlated to the anatomical regions of the infection and morphologic characteristics of the lesions. The present study was carried out to identify the types of BPV present in skin warts of cattle from the state of Paraná, Brazil. The generic primers FAP59 and FAP64 were used for amplification of a 478 bp fragment of BPV L1 gene in nine cutaneous papilloma samples obtained from six animals in four herds. In all papillomas examined, a product with the expected molecular size was amplified. Phylogenetic analysis of the PCR products identified BPV-2 in three samples, BPV-1 in one, and BPV-6 in five papillomas. BPV-6 was detected in cutaneous papillomas of the teat and in other body parts as well. In one animal, from which more than one sample was collected, a concomitant infection by BPV-1 and BPV-2 was identified. The five positive BPV-6 samples showed a nucleotide identity of 100% with the sequence of the reference strain available in GenBank. However, differences among BPV-2 and BPV-1 Brazilian samples and the respective reference sequences deposited in GenBank were observed. Molecular comparison of the two BPV-2 strains identified showed the involvement of two viral variants. This study revealed the diversity of BPV types circulating in the state of Paraná.

• Bovine papillomavirus cutaneous papillomatosis phylogeny polymerase chain reaction

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Claus M.P., Vivian D., Lunardi M., Alfieri A.F. & Alfieri A.A. 2007. [Phylogenetic analysis of bovine papillomavirus associated with skin warts in cattle herds from the state of Paraná.] Análise filogenética do papilomavírus bovino associado a lesões cutâneas em rebanhos do Estado do Paraná. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(7):314-318. Laboratório de Virologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Cx. Postal 6001, Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil. E-mail: alfieri@uel.br Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) infection causes hyperplastic lesions in the cutaneous epithelium of cattle. Six types of BPV were classified in two sub-groups, being correlated to the anatomical regions of the infection and morphologic characteristics of the lesions. The present study was carried out to identify the types of BPV present in skin warts of cattle from the state of Paraná, Brazil. The generic primers FAP59 and FAP64 were used for amplification of a 478 bp fragment of BPV L1 gene in nine cutaneous papilloma samples obtained from six animals in four herds. In all papillomas examined, a product with the expected molecular size was amplified. Phylogenetic analysis of the PCR products identified BPV-2 in three samples, BPV-1 in one, and BPV-6 in five papillomas. BPV-6 was detected in cutaneous papillomas of the teat and in other body parts as well. In one animal, from which more than one sample was collected, a concomitant infection by BPV-1 and BPV-2 was identified. The five positive BPV-6 samples showed a nucleotide identity of 100% with the sequence of the reference strain available in GenBank. However, differences among BPV-2 and BPV-1 Brazilian samples and the respective reference sequences deposited in GenBank were observed. Molecular comparison of the two BPV-2 strains identified showed the involvement of two viral variants. This study revealed the diversity of BPV types circulating in the state of Paraná.

Abstract in English:

Lima E.S.C., Pinto P.S.A., Santos J.L., Vanetti M.C.D., Bevilacqua P.D., Almeida L.P., Pinto M.S. & Dias F.S. 2004. [Isolation of Salmonella sp and Staphylococcus aureus at swine slaughtering as subsidy for HACCP, the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point system.] Isolamento de Salmonella sp e Staphylococcus aureus no processo do abate suíno como subsídio ao sistema de Análise de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle - APPCC. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(4):185-190. Depto Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36571-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. E-mail: pintopsa@ufv.br This study was done to evaluate the superficial contamination of swine carcasses by Salmonella sp and Staphylococcus aureus, the identification of microbiological hazards in different segments of the processing line, and critical control points (CCPs), through the quantification of risks. A total of 120 surface swabbing carcasses were collected in a slaughterhouse: after the scalding/dehairing (point A), before evisceration (B), after evisceration and splitting (C), and after 24 hours of refrigeration (D). Salmonella sp and S. aureus were isolated from 14 (11.7%) carcasses. No statistical difference between the points studied was observed. The number of S. aureus isolated was between 1.2 and 1.5 log UFC/cm2. It was concluded that the risks observed were the same for both microorganisms.

• Salmonella sp Staphylococcus aureus swine carcass slaughterhouse HACCP.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Lima E.S.C., Pinto P.S.A., Santos J.L., Vanetti M.C.D., Bevilacqua P.D., Almeida L.P., Pinto M.S. & Dias F.S. 2004. [Isolation of Salmonella sp and Staphylococcus aureus at swine slaughtering as subsidy for HACCP, the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point system.] Isolamento de Salmonella sp e Staphylococcus aureus no processo do abate suíno como subsídio ao sistema de Análise de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle - APPCC. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(4):185-190. Depto Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36571-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. E-mail: pintopsa@ufv.br This study was done to evaluate the superficial contamination of swine carcasses by Salmonella sp and Staphylococcus aureus, the identification of microbiological hazards in different segments of the processing line, and critical control points (CCPs), through the quantification of risks. A total of 120 surface swabbing carcasses were collected in a slaughterhouse: after the scalding/dehairing (point A), before evisceration (B), after evisceration and splitting (C), and after 24 hours of refrigeration (D). Salmonella sp and S. aureus were isolated from 14 (11.7%) carcasses. No statistical difference between the points studied was observed. The number of S. aureus isolated was between 1.2 and 1.5 log UFC/cm2. It was concluded that the risks observed were the same for both microorganisms.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Madruga C.R., Leal C.R.B., Ferreira A.M.T., Araújo F.R., Bonato A.L.V., Kessler R.H., Schenk M.A.M. & Soares C.O. 2002. Genetic and antigenic analysis of Babesia bigemina isolates from five geographical regions of Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 22(4):153- 160. [Análise genética e antigênica de isolados de Babesia bigemina das cinco regiões fisiográficas do Brasil.] Embrapa Gado de Corte, Rodovia BR 262 Km 4, Cx. Postal 154, Campo Grande, MS 79002-970, Brazil. A molecular epidemiological study was performed with Babesia bigemina isolates from five geographical regions of Brazil. The genetic analysis was done with random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD), repetitive extragenic palindromic elements-polymerase chain reaction (REP-PCR) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequences-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) that showed genetic polymorphism between these isolates and generated fingerprinting. In RAPD, IL0872 and IL0876 primers were able to detect at least one fingerprinting for each B. bigemina isolate. The amplification of B. bigemina DNA fragments by REP-PCR and ERIC-PCR gave evidence for the presence in this haemoprotozoan of the sequences described previously in microorganisms of the bacterial kingdom. For the first time it was demonstrated that both techniques can be used for genetic analysis of a protozoan parasite, although the ERIC-PCR was more discriminatory than REP-PCR. Toe dendogram with similarity coeficiente among isolates showed two clusters and one subcluster. The Northeastern and Mid-Westem isolates showed the greatest genetic diversity, while the Southeastem and Southem isolates were the closest. Toe antigenic analysis was done through indirect fluorescent antibodytechnique and Westem blotting using a panei of monoclonal antibodies directed against epitopes on the merozoite membrane surface, rhoptries and membrane of infected erythrocytes. As expected, the merozoite variable surface antigens, major surface antigen (MSA)-1 and MSA-2 showed antigenic diversity. However, B cell epitopes on rhoptries and infected erythrocytes were conserved among all isolates studied. In this study it was possible to identify variable and conserved antigens, which had already been described as potential immunogens. Considering that an attenuated Babesia clone used as immunogen selected populations capable of evading the immunity induced by this vaccine, it is necessary to evaluate more deeply the cross-protection conferred by genetically more distant Brazilian B. bigemina isolates and make an evaluation of the polymorphism degree of variable antigens such as MSA-1 and MSA-2.

• Babesia bigemina Brazilian isolates genetic polymorphism antigenic polymorphism isolados brasileiros polimorfismo genético polimorfismo antigênico.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Madruga C.R., Leal C.R.B., Ferreira A.M.T., Araújo F.R., Bonato A.L.V., Kessler R.H., Schenk M.A.M. & Soares C.O. 2002. Genetic and antigenic analysis of Babesia bigemina isolates from five geographical regions of Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 22(4):153- 160. [Análise genética e antigênica de isolados de Babesia bigemina das cinco regiões fisiográficas do Brasil.] Embrapa Gado de Corte, Rodovia BR 262 Km 4, Cx. Postal 154, Campo Grande, MS 79002-970, Brazil. Um estudo de epidemiologia molecular foi executado com isolados de Babesia bigemina das cinco regiões fisiográficas do Brasil. A análise genética foi feita com amplificação aleatória de DNA polimórfico (RAPD), reação da polimerase em cadeia com seqüências de elementos extragênicos repetitivos palindrômicos (REP-PCR) e reação da polimerase em cadeia com seqüências repetitivas enterobacterianas intergênicas de consenso (ERIC-PCR) que apresentaram polimorfismo genético entre os isolados e geraram marcadores. No RAPD com os oligonucleotídeos iniciadores IL0872 e IL0876, foi possível detectar pelo menos um marcador por isolado de B. bigemina. A amplificação de fragmentos de DNA de B. bigemina por REPPCR e ERIC-PCR demonstrou a presença dessas seqüências, descritas anteriormente somente em microrganismos bacterianos, nesse hemoprotozoârio, e, pela primeira vez, foi verificado que podem ser utilizadas para análise genética de um protozoário. O ERIC-PCR foi mais discriminatório que o REP-PCR. O dendograma formado com o coeficiente de similaridade entre os isolados evidenciou dois agrupamentos e um subgrupo. Os isolados do Nordeste e Centro-Oeste demonstraram maior diversidade genética, enquanto que os isolados do Sudeste e Sul foram os mais próximos. A análise antigênica foi executada por meio de imunofluorescência indireta e Western blotting usando um painel de anticorpos monoclonais direcionados a epitopos B na membrana dos merozoítos, roptries e membrana de eritrócitos infectados. Os antígenos variáveis da superfície dos merozoítos, antígeno principal da superfície do merozoíto (APSM)-1 e APSM-2 apresentaram diversidade antigênica. Entretanto, os epítopos de células B nas roptries e nos eritrócitos infectados foram conservados em todos os isolados. Nesse estudo foi possível identificar antígenos variáveis e conservados que anteriormente haviam sido descritos como potenciais imunógenos. Considerando que um clone atenuado de Babesia utilizado para imunização selecionou populações capazes de evadir a resposta imune à vacina, torna-se necessário avaliar mais detalhadamente a imunidade cruzada existente entre os isolados brasileiros mais distantes geneticamente e realizar uma avaliação do grau de polimorfismo dos antígenos variáveis APSM-1 e APSM-2.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Callado A.K.C., Castro R.S. & Teixeira M.F.S. 2001. [Lentiviruses of small ruminants (CAEV and Maedi-Visna): a review and perspectives] Lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes (CAEV e Maedi-Visna): revisão e perspectivas. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 21(3):87-97. Depto Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 55171-000, Brazil. E-mail: callado@altavista.net Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV), whose prototypes are Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis virus (CAEV) and Maedi-Visna virus, are the causative agents of slow progressive degenerative diseases of goats and sheep (infected animals), responsible for significant economic losses. These viruses cause persistent infections with long periods of incubation and induce inflammatory and degenerative lesions. The lesions are induced in target organs of the host such as joints, CNS, lungs and mammary glands dueto viral replication in cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage which is the main target cell. Infections occur particularly in the young and are acquired through ingestion of virus in milk or colostrum from infected does or ewes. The induction of immune response is variable and does not protect against the infection. Diagnosis is primarily based on the presence of SRLV antibodies usually detected by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) or enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). As no vaccine is available, most often employed schemes to prevent spread of SRLV are based on segregation or/and culling of positive animals associated with management practices, especially the offspring. The strategies of SRLV for dealing with the immune system make difficult to accomplish diagnosis of infection, control or prevention of the viral spread. This review shows aspects of SRLV based on their phylogenetic studies of fields isolates, clinical, and immunopathological features.

• Small ruminant lentiviruses caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus maedi-visna retroviruses phylogenetic analysis epidemiology goat sheep Lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes vírus da artrite-encefalite caprina retrovírus análises filogenéticas epidemiologia caprino ovino.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Callado A.K.C., Castro R.S. & Teixeira M.F.S. 2001. [Lentiviruses of small ruminants (CAEV and Maedi-Visna): a review and perspectives] Lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes (CAEV e Maedi-Visna): revisão e perspectivas. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 21(3):87-97. Depto Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 55171-000, Brazil. E-mail: callado@altavista.net Os lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes (SRLV), cujos protótipos são os vírus da Artrite-Encefalite Caprina (CAEV) e Maedi-Visna, são patógenos amplamente distribuidos, os quais causam doenças degenerativas progressivas lentas em caprinos e ovinos, determinando importantes perdas econômicas. Estes vírus causam infecções persistentes com período de incubação longo e causam inflamatórias e degenerativas. As lesões são induzidas em tecidos específicos do hospedeiro como articulações, pulmões, CNS e glândulas mamárias devido à replicação virai em células da linhagem monocítico-fagocitária que são as principais células-alvo. A infecção ocorre principalmente durante os primeiros meses de vida, através da ingestão de vírus no leite ou colostro de cabras ou ovelhas infectadas. A indução da resposta imunológica é variável e não protege contra a infecção. O diagnóstico é baseado primariamente na detecção de anticorpos para SRLV, geralmente por imunodifusão em gel de agar (AGID) e enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). O diagnóstico e separação ou descarte dos animais soropositivos associado ao uso de certas práticas de manejo, especialmente das crias, são os principais meios implementados para prevenir a disseminação de SRLV, uma vez que ainda não existe vacina contra o vírus. As estratégias adotadas pelos SRLV para enfrentar o sistema imune dificultam o diagnóstico da infecção, controle ou prevenção da disseminação de SRLV. Esta revisão apresenta alguns aspectos das lentivíroses de pequenos ruminantes baseadas em estudos filogenéticos de amostras isoladas, aspectos clínicos e imunopatológicos.

Abstract in English:

The macromolecules present in the Boophilus microplus saliva were separated by Electrophoresis on Polyacrylamide Gels and transferred to nitrocellulose paper. Some aspects were studied in both situations. Using Coomassie Brilliant Blue 250R to stain the proteins in the gel, 6 and 11 bands were detected on nondenaturing and denaturing systems respectively. Three glicoprotein and one lipoprotein bands were detected when Beta-mercaptoethanol was used (denaturing system). In this situation, three antigenic bands were observed in nitrocellulose paper after immunoenzymatic procedure when infested bovine or hyperimmune rabbit or mouse sera were used. All of these were glicoproteins.

• Boophilus microplus ticks saliva antigenicity

Abstract in Portuguese:

A saliva (pool) de Boophilus microplus foi submetida a eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida e logo a seguir procedida a transferência para papel de nitrocelulose, a fim de que a antigenicidade pudesse ser observada. A eletroforese revelou a existência de seis bandas quando em condições de não desnaturação e 11 bandas em condições desnaturantes. Neste último caso, três bandas eram glicoprotefuas e uma lipoprotefua. A revelação imunoenzimática no papel de nitrocelulose evidenciou três bandas quando se usaram soros de bovinos infestados por esse ixodídeo ou soro de coelhos e camundongos imunizados com a citada saliva.

• Boophilus microplus ixodídeos antigenicidade da saliva

Abstract in English:

An analysis of the mean burdens of adult Dictyocalus viviparus and Trichuris discolor with relation to genetic breeding types Holstein-Friesian (HVB) x Guzera, usrng six:ty male calves, demonstrated significantly lower mean burdens of D. viviparus in the pure-bred HVB, who also had the highest mean burdens of T. discolor. No significant difference was seen between the types 5/8 and 7/8. The F1 generation (1/2 HVB x 1/2 Guzera) is apparently susceptible to both species of helminths, the B1 (3/4 HVB) less so.

• Dictyocaulus viviparus Trichuris discolor mean burdens bovines breeding types

Abstract in Portuguese:

Analisando a carga média de Dictyocaulus viviparus e Trichuris discolor em sessenta bezerros machos traçadores de diferentes graus de sangue Holandês vermelho-branco x Guzerá, verificou-se que HVB apresentou cargas médias baixas para D. viviparus e altas para T. discolor. Não se encontrou diferenças significativas entre os tipos 5/8 e 7 /8. F1 (1/2 HVB x 1/2 Guzerá) e B1 (3/4 HVB) demonstraram maior e menor susceptibilidade às duas espécies de helmintos respectivamente.

• Dictyocaulus viviparus Trichuris discolor carga média bovinos graus de sangue